Independent private organizations, free of government control, are referred to by the United Nations charter as "Non-Governmental Organizations," or NGOs. The term was not in use prior to the founding of the United Nations (UN), but such organizations have a long history. The UN charter, adopted in 1945, provides for NGOs to have a consultative role.
History
In 1910, more than 100 international non-governmental organizations decided to cooperate under the banner of the Union of International Associations. They were active in the League of Nations, the international organization of nations that began after World War I and was a forerunner of the UN.
Features
Non-governmental organizations must be free of control by any government. It also must be non-profit and not constituted as a political party.
Function
At the UN, many non-governmental organizations engage in lobbying activities to advance their goals or values. A good example is Oxfam, an NGO that acts to alleviate global poverty.
Size
Globalization trends beginning in the late 20th century has fueled the growth of non-governmental organizations.
Types
Examples of prominent non-governmental organizations include Amnesty International, Oxfam, the International Red Cross, and Doctors Without Borders. The number of international NGOs is estimated at 40,000.
